Home
/
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
/
Study: Is population growth essential to economic flourishing?
Study: Is population growth essential to economic flourishing?
Dec 27, 2025 3:53 AM

Thedoom delusionsof central planners and population “experts” are well documented and thoroughly exposed, from the faulty predictions of Paul Ehrlich to the more recent hysteria among environmental activists who continue to day-dream about the glories of “a world without us.”

Thankfully, due to a growing crop of calming counters from leading mainstream thinkers—from Steven Pinker to Hans Rosling—society has e a bit more resilient against the heightened hyperbole of population doom-and-gloomers.

But even if such fears have been somewhat mitigated, do we fully appreciate the benefits that population growth can bring amid a free and virtuous society? It’s one thing to believe that human creativity and innovation will outpace the speed of scarcity—that population growth is manageable;it’s quite another to believe that such growth is essentialto the flourishing of all else.

In a new paperfrom the Cato Institute, Gale Pooley and Marian Tupy examine the strength of such a stance, establishing a new method for measuring the influence of population growth on the availability of resources. Centering their efforts around the work of Julian Simon—the late economist who famously argued against Ehrlich, claiming that humans were “the ultimate resource”—Pooley and Tupy set out to assess the validity of what they call “Simon’s Rule.”

“In Simon’s modities grow more plentiful not in spite of population growth, but because of it,” they write. “With every hungry es a brain capable of reason and innovation. Was he correct?”

To find the answer, Pooley and Tupy assess price data for “50 modities, covering energy, food, materials, and metals,” using four distinct concepts to measure it in relation to population trends.

Their methods of measurement and the subsequent findings for each are summarized as follows:

Time-Price of Commodities:“The time-price modities allows us to measure the cost of resources in terms of human labor. We find that, in terms of global average hourly modity prices fell by 64.7 percent between 1980 and 2017.”Price Elasticity of Population (PEP): “[This] allows us to measure sensitivity of resource availability to population growth. We find that the time-price modities declined by 0.934 percent for every 1 percent increase in the world’s population over the same time period.”Simon Abundance Framework: “[This] uses the PEP values to distinguish between different degrees of resource abundance, from decreasing abundance at one end to superabundance at the other end. Considering that the time-price modities decreased at a faster proportional rate than population increased, we find that humanity is experiencing superabundance.”Simon Abundance Index: “[This] uses the time-price modities and change in global population to estimate overall resource abundance. We find that the planet’s resources became 379.6 percent more abundant between 1980 and 2017.”

Such findings fly in the face of our culture’s predominant scarcity-mindedness, reminding us that human capacity will continue to confound the predictions of planners and population soothsayers. Yet we should also be mindful that while these trends are relatively new, population growth is not. There’s something more at work than simply “more people = more prosperity.” The civilizational context matters a great deal.

“In addition to more labor, a growing population produces more ideas,” Pooley and Tupy write. “More ideas lead to more innovations, and more innovations improve productivity. Finally, higher productivity translates to better standards of living.”

The ability of humans to e scarcity has to do with our creative and innovative spirit, something which can either be stifled or unleashed, depending on a range of cultural and institutional factors. Population growth can, indeed, lead to increases in innovation, economic abundance, and social dynamism, but only if individuals munities are given the freedom and social stability to experiment with and express that underlying ingenuity—discovering, creating, contributing, and exchanging with each other freely and openly.

“The Earth’s atoms may be fixed, but the binations of those atoms are infinite,” the report concludes. “What matters, then, is not the physical limits of our planet, but human freedom to experiment and reimagine the use of resources that we have.”

While the report doesn’t aim to address the theological or philosophical implications of all this, the underlying assumptions nestle neatly with a Christian understanding of our God-given capacity as social, creative, spiritual, and material beings. The mystery of our modern superabundance is tied to a deeper mystery about who we really are and what we were destined to plish here on Earth—explaining, from another perspective, why freedom, virtue, and population growth make for such a bination.

For a broad explanation, see the following episode from the Acton Institute’s The Good Society series:

We were created in the image of a creator-God to be producers and gift-givers—sharing, exchanging, collaborating, and innovating alongside the grand family of humankind. When this calling is unleashed and channeled accordingly, we can expect to see far more than economic abundance as a result. When we increase the population, we see munities, new cultures, and new civilizations, each partnering with God and neighbor in a divine exchange of gifts and blessings.

In keeping with Julian Simon’s famous observation, humans are valuable resources, and not just in terms of economic efficiency and capacity. We have inherent dignity and value. We have ideas. Each individual is born a creator and a dreamer — a unique and precious person born for relationship and brimming with capacity for production, investment, and love.

Unlike the scarcity-mindedness of Ehrlich and his modern incarnations, this is not fancy theology fit for a convenient ideology. History has proven it rather sufficiently, and we continue to see growing evidence in studies like Pooley and Tupy’s.Rather than tweaking our doomsday prophecies and predictions, we’d do well torecognize God’s gift of humanity and work to createa world that appreciates the blessings it can bring.

Image: Pedestrians (Pixabay License)

Comments
Welcome to mreligion comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
Top 10 Reasons to Rely on Private Sector Markets
This week’s Acton Commentary from Baylor University economics professor John Pisciotta: Americans have less confidence and trust in government today than at any time since the 1950s. This is the conclusion of the Pew Research Center survey released in mid-April. Just 22 percent expressed trust in government to deliver effective policies almost always or most of the time. With the robust expansion of the economic role of the federal government under George W. Bush and Barack Obama, the Pew poll...
Editorial: Where’s the morality?
Acton Research Director Samuel Gregg is quoted in yesterday’s Pittsburgh Tribune-Review editorial on Goldman Sachs: The most shocking moment in Tuesday’s Senate hearing on Goldman Sachs wasn’t Sen. Carl Levin’s repeated use of the big investment house’s scatological description of its own dubious offerings. No, it was when one of Goldman’s high cluckety-clucks actually said that it has no ethical responsibility to tell clients that it is betting against the same investments it mends. That really is (expletive deleted). Samuel...
Acton Lecture Series: Alinsky for Dummies
Background on the next Acton Lecture Series event: Join us on Thursday, May 6 to hear Mr. Joseph Morris’ lecture Alinsky for Dummies: His Persistent Influence and Its Meaning for American Society and Politics. Saul Alinsky might be called the “anti-Acton.” As Lord Acton warned that power corrupts, Saul Alinsky — the father of modern munity organizing” — rejoiced that corruption empowers. Decades after Alinsky’s death his ideas and teaching continue to shape the American political and social landscape. Barack...
Last Exit To Utopia
U·to·pi·a [yoo-toh-pee-uh]- noun – an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. The word was first used in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More. The opposite of dystopia. ORIGIN based on Greek ou not + tóp(os) a place Last Exit to Utopia by Jean-François Revel Note, dear reader, the origin of the term “utopia”: the Greek root indicates that utopia is, literally, nowhere. It is not a place. It does not exist. Sir Thomas...
Pure and Undefiled Religion
James 1:27 states: Religion that is pure and undefiled before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world. Last week I had the chance to meet up again with Tom Davis, CEO of Children’s Hope Chest. Hope Chest works with orphans in various countries around the world including South Africa, Swaziland, and Russia. There mission is to advocate a munity munity” partnership model. While many great...
Samuel Gregg’s New Book: Wilhelm Röpke’s Political Economy
Over at Econlog, one of the best economics blogs around, Arnold Kling has been reading Acton Research Director Samuel Gregg’s latest and recently released book, Wilhelm Röpke’s Political Economy (Edward Elgar, 2010). Kling underlines how Röpke used ethical analysis to distinguish between the three ways of allocating resources: altruism, coercion, and what Röpke called “the business principle.” For Kling’s take on this subject, see Econlog. The book is available on the Elgar site and Amazon. ...
Prophet Jim Wallis Explains the Doctrine of Coercive Repentance
In a new column on Sojourners, Prophet Jim Wallis reveals that Wall Street financiers ing to him for confession, sometimes skulking along darkened streets to hide their shame: e like Nicodemus – a religious leader who came to talk to Jesus in private – at night. Many have felt remorseful about what happened on Wall Street and how it has hurt so many people. They describe the behavior in their profession with words such as “greedy,” “risky,” or “reckless.” These...
The Birth of Freedom Documentary Airs Sunday on Detroit Public TV
Acton Media’s second documentary makes its public television debut Sunday, May 2, with a 3-4 p.m. airing on Detroit Public Television (HD channel 56.1). The film trailer is here. Update: Michigan PBS stations WCMU and WFUM have scheduled the documentary for broadcast on Thursday, June 17, from 10-11 p.m. ...
Obamacare Prognosis: Not Looking Good
I’m a little slow getting to this–some readers have doubtless already seen media reports–but if you weren’t yet aware of the Obama Administration’s actuaries’ study of the probable effects of Obamacare (released last Thursday), you should be. Our friend, Grace-Marie Turner of the Galen Institute presents the lowlights at NRO. Among the predictions: Tens of billions of dollars in new fees and excise taxes will be “passed through to health consumers in the form of higher drug and devices prices...
Re: Die Hard — The Welfare State
News reports today on the Greek debt crisis are packed with scary terms like “implosion” and “financial doomsday” and “ebola” and “contagion.” The anxiety has ratcheted up considerably this week, and not just for EU heads of state but also for President Obama. He should be worried. As I pointed out in a previous post, “Die Hard — The Welfare State,” the United States awaits its own day of reckoning for the sins of mounting government debt, a bloated public...
Related Classification
Copyright 2023-2025 - www.mreligion.com All Rights Reserved