Home
/
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
/
Study: Is population growth essential to economic flourishing?
Study: Is population growth essential to economic flourishing?
Dec 23, 2025 5:11 AM

Thedoom delusionsof central planners and population “experts” are well documented and thoroughly exposed, from the faulty predictions of Paul Ehrlich to the more recent hysteria among environmental activists who continue to day-dream about the glories of “a world without us.”

Thankfully, due to a growing crop of calming counters from leading mainstream thinkers—from Steven Pinker to Hans Rosling—society has e a bit more resilient against the heightened hyperbole of population doom-and-gloomers.

But even if such fears have been somewhat mitigated, do we fully appreciate the benefits that population growth can bring amid a free and virtuous society? It’s one thing to believe that human creativity and innovation will outpace the speed of scarcity—that population growth is manageable;it’s quite another to believe that such growth is essentialto the flourishing of all else.

In a new paperfrom the Cato Institute, Gale Pooley and Marian Tupy examine the strength of such a stance, establishing a new method for measuring the influence of population growth on the availability of resources. Centering their efforts around the work of Julian Simon—the late economist who famously argued against Ehrlich, claiming that humans were “the ultimate resource”—Pooley and Tupy set out to assess the validity of what they call “Simon’s Rule.”

“In Simon’s modities grow more plentiful not in spite of population growth, but because of it,” they write. “With every hungry es a brain capable of reason and innovation. Was he correct?”

To find the answer, Pooley and Tupy assess price data for “50 modities, covering energy, food, materials, and metals,” using four distinct concepts to measure it in relation to population trends.

Their methods of measurement and the subsequent findings for each are summarized as follows:

Time-Price of Commodities:“The time-price modities allows us to measure the cost of resources in terms of human labor. We find that, in terms of global average hourly modity prices fell by 64.7 percent between 1980 and 2017.”Price Elasticity of Population (PEP): “[This] allows us to measure sensitivity of resource availability to population growth. We find that the time-price modities declined by 0.934 percent for every 1 percent increase in the world’s population over the same time period.”Simon Abundance Framework: “[This] uses the PEP values to distinguish between different degrees of resource abundance, from decreasing abundance at one end to superabundance at the other end. Considering that the time-price modities decreased at a faster proportional rate than population increased, we find that humanity is experiencing superabundance.”Simon Abundance Index: “[This] uses the time-price modities and change in global population to estimate overall resource abundance. We find that the planet’s resources became 379.6 percent more abundant between 1980 and 2017.”

Such findings fly in the face of our culture’s predominant scarcity-mindedness, reminding us that human capacity will continue to confound the predictions of planners and population soothsayers. Yet we should also be mindful that while these trends are relatively new, population growth is not. There’s something more at work than simply “more people = more prosperity.” The civilizational context matters a great deal.

“In addition to more labor, a growing population produces more ideas,” Pooley and Tupy write. “More ideas lead to more innovations, and more innovations improve productivity. Finally, higher productivity translates to better standards of living.”

The ability of humans to e scarcity has to do with our creative and innovative spirit, something which can either be stifled or unleashed, depending on a range of cultural and institutional factors. Population growth can, indeed, lead to increases in innovation, economic abundance, and social dynamism, but only if individuals munities are given the freedom and social stability to experiment with and express that underlying ingenuity—discovering, creating, contributing, and exchanging with each other freely and openly.

“The Earth’s atoms may be fixed, but the binations of those atoms are infinite,” the report concludes. “What matters, then, is not the physical limits of our planet, but human freedom to experiment and reimagine the use of resources that we have.”

While the report doesn’t aim to address the theological or philosophical implications of all this, the underlying assumptions nestle neatly with a Christian understanding of our God-given capacity as social, creative, spiritual, and material beings. The mystery of our modern superabundance is tied to a deeper mystery about who we really are and what we were destined to plish here on Earth—explaining, from another perspective, why freedom, virtue, and population growth make for such a bination.

For a broad explanation, see the following episode from the Acton Institute’s The Good Society series:

We were created in the image of a creator-God to be producers and gift-givers—sharing, exchanging, collaborating, and innovating alongside the grand family of humankind. When this calling is unleashed and channeled accordingly, we can expect to see far more than economic abundance as a result. When we increase the population, we see munities, new cultures, and new civilizations, each partnering with God and neighbor in a divine exchange of gifts and blessings.

In keeping with Julian Simon’s famous observation, humans are valuable resources, and not just in terms of economic efficiency and capacity. We have inherent dignity and value. We have ideas. Each individual is born a creator and a dreamer — a unique and precious person born for relationship and brimming with capacity for production, investment, and love.

Unlike the scarcity-mindedness of Ehrlich and his modern incarnations, this is not fancy theology fit for a convenient ideology. History has proven it rather sufficiently, and we continue to see growing evidence in studies like Pooley and Tupy’s.Rather than tweaking our doomsday prophecies and predictions, we’d do well torecognize God’s gift of humanity and work to createa world that appreciates the blessings it can bring.

Image: Pedestrians (Pixabay License)

Comments
Welcome to mreligion comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
Misrepresenting Catholic Social Teaching: ‘I’m Sick of It’
Anthony Esolen has written a rollicking piece in Crisis bemoaning the misrepresentation, misuse and mangling of Catholic Social Teaching. In a phrase, he’s sick of it. I’m sick of hearing that Catholic teaching regarding sex and marriage is one thing, in that old-fashioned trinket box over there, while Catholic teaching regarding stewardship and our duties to the poor is another thing, on that marble pedestal over here. I’m sick of hearing that Catholic teaching regarding the Church and her authority...
A Conservative Case for Walmart
Every year Black Friday marks the official beginning of two modern American traditions: Christmas shopping and criticizing Walmart. Critics on both the left and the right have found mon enemy in Walmart. Those on the left hate pany because it isn’t unionized while plain because it undercuts mom-and-pop retailers. Some researchers even claim that people are prone to gain weight after a Walmart Supercenter opens nearby. I suspect if the researchers were to conduct a follow-up study they’d also find...
Recommended: ‘That Hideous Strength’
I just finished re-reading through C.S. Lewis’ “Space Trilogy” and have a Holiday book mendation for you: the third title in this series, That Hideous Strength. Certainly all three are fantastic and important reads that incorporate thematic elements relating to theology, philosophy, history, politics, economics and astronomy. It’s “Science Fiction,” but only in the same way that the Bible is “just a bunch of God’s rules.” These three books are bigger than any one genre and the Sci-fi label should...
Solzhenitsyn: ‘There’s Plenty of Freedom, But Little Truth’
, a Russian site, has published an English translation of an interview given by Archpriest Nikolai Chernyshev, who is identified as “the spiritual father of the Solzhenitsyn family during the final years of the writer’s life.” The interview touches on Aleksandr Solzenitsyn’s upbringing in a deeply religious Russian Orthodox family, his encounter with militant atheism ( … he joined neither the Young Pioneers nor the Komsomol [All-Union Leninist Young Communist League]. The Pioneers would tear off his baptismal cross, but...
Raising Taxes without a Balanced Budget is Insane
It makes little, or really no sense for Americans to fork over more taxes without a balanced federal budget and seeing some fiscal responsibility out of Washington. The fact that the United States Senate hasn’t passed a budget in well over three years doesn’t mean we aren’t spending money, we are spending more than ever. The last time the Senate passed a budget resolution was April of 2009. We are constantly bombarded with rhetoric that “taxing the rich” at an...
Africans Join Together to Aid Frozen Norwegians
Africans unite to save Norwegians from dying of frostbite. By joining Radi-Aid, you too can donate your radiator and spread some warmth in the frozen wasteland of Norway. Why Africa for Norway? Imagine if every person in Africa saw the “Africa for Norway” video and this was the only information they ever got about Norway. What would they think about Norway? If we say Africa, what do you think about? Hunger, poverty, crime or AIDS? No wonder, because in fundraising...
Why Religion Enjoys Special Privileges
In the latest issue of Christianity Today,Wilfred McClay offers six reasons why religion in America really does—and should—enjoy ‘special privileges’: A third argument for religion’s special place is anthropological:Human beings are naturally inclined toward religion.We are driven to relate our understanding of the highest things to our lives lived munity with others. Whether our “theotropic” impulses derive from in-built endowment, evolutionary adaptation, or some other source, the secular order ought not to inhibit their expression. If believers sense a general...
New on AU Online: Globalization, Poverty, and Development
Global poverty and its alleviation are often subjects of heated debate. Join us for an AU Online lecture series that explores the theme of human flourishing as it relates to poverty, globalization, and the Church in the developed world. The Globalization, Poverty, and Development series is scheduled for December 6 through December 13, 2012. Online sessions will be held at 6:30 p.m. EST on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Visit auonline.acton.org for more information and to register. You should also check out...
The Case for Religious Liberty in 16 Seconds
Making the case for religious liberty for those with ultra-short attention spans. Ed Morrissey also provides a30 second argument: Actually, this argument works beyond the issue of religious-organization exemption as well, as I’ve repeatedly argued. Why should we forceanyemployer to directly subsidize birth control? What role does an employer have in the bedroom, anyway? The intrusion on what should be a free-market choice makes even less sense when prehensive long-term studyby the Center for Disease Control shows access plays no...
The Naked Private Square
In his 1984 book The Naked Public Square, Richard John Neuhaus explained how a strict separationist reading of the First Amendment which forbids all religious speech leaves the public square “naked.” Neuhaus described the “naked public square” as “the result of political doctrine and practice that would exclude religion and religiously grounded values from the conduct of public business.” In a recent law review article, Ronald J. Colombo, a law professor at Hofstra University, describes a similar phenomena: the naked...
Related Classification
Copyright 2023-2025 - www.mreligion.com All Rights Reserved