A new human-rights report claims that Chinese citizens are kidnapped and held in informal detention centers, known locally as "black jails", to prevent them from bringing complaints to the central government.

　　The New York-based Human Rights Watch (HRW) said the practice of locking up disgruntled petitioners has evolved into a lucrative cottage industry, one which authorities continue to ignore.

　　HRW released a report on Thursday documenting evidence of the shadowy detentions in the country, and mainly based on interviews with 38 former detainees.

　　It claims that large numbers of Chinese petitioners have been held in secret, illegal detention centers since 2003.

　　Al Jazeera uncovered a "black jail" in April, but the Chinese government flatly denies their existence.

　　Petitioners protest

　　At a protest on Monday in a park in Beijing, many of the petitioners told AP Television that they had been detained in "black jails".

　　Yang Qiuyu, a petitioner for housing rights, alleged petitioners have been "beaten" or "locked in mental institutions".

　　Zhang Tianhui, a petitioner from Chengdu, said she had been detained illegally for more than "five months" in a "black jail".

　　"So we came to Beijing to petition, and they put us in a black jail for more than five months," Zhang said.

　　Lucrative industry

　　According to the HRW report, the "black jails" were driven by coercion and commerce, with officials and hired guards holding petitioners in squalid, sometimes brutal confinement without legal oversight, often in return for cash.

　　The petitioners were allegedly held for days or months at a time in makeshift detention centers where most were deprived adequate food and sleep, beaten and threatened.

　　HRW said police in Beijing and other cities are aware of "black jails" but ignore them because they keep potentially troublesome petitioners away from cities, and have in some cases even "directly assisted black jail operators".

　　It has urged the Chinese government to abolish the secretive facilities and investigate those who operate them.

　　The HRW report also cites an alleged internal government directive given to authorities in Shimen, a county in south China's Hunan province, in 2007 about a point system for local officials who bring back petitioners from Beijing.

　　Officials typically pay "black jails" between $22 to $44 per day to hold petitioners until they can be picked up and returned home, it said, and estimates that up to 10,000 people are detained per year, including some people who are detained on multiple occasions.

　　Phelim Kine, a researcher with HRW, said "black jails" were found all over China.

　　"Obviously the biggest problem is that in these secret, unlawful detention centers, detainees are subjected to abuses ranging from sexual violence, physical violence, denial of food, sleep and medical treatment, as well as theft and extortion."

　　PHOTO CAPTION

　　A man walks through a former black jail where a young woman says she was raped while being illegally detained in Beijing, China, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2009.

　　Source: Aljazeera.net