Home
/
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
/
How Hong Kong moved from two systems to one tyranny
How Hong Kong moved from two systems to one tyranny
Mar 9, 2026 9:36 PM

Since the National Security Law was imposed Beijing in 2020, basic human and civil rights in Hong Kong have been increasingly crushed, with no end in sight and emigration the only short-term solution.

Read More…

Hong Kong has e the face of China’s dictatorship, the most dramatic evidence of Xi Jinping’s determination to extinguish even the hint of dissent among his people. Today residents of the Special Administrative Region are ruled pletely and cruelly by the Chinese Communist Party as are those living in Beijing or Shanghai.

Yet paranoia afflicts regime apparatchiks, who recently targetedchocolateas a threat to public order. In a story befitting The Onion,The New York Timesreported: “The city’s top security official, Chris Tang, said last week that some people in Hong Kong prisons were accumulating chocolates and hair clips—items allowed in limited numbers—to ‘build power’ and ‘solicit followers,’ with the possible goal of undermining the government. ‘Many people may find it strange—they just have a few more hair clips, one more piece of chocolate, what’s the problem?’ he told reporters. Then he continued, ‘They make other people in jail feel their influence, and from there feel even more hate for the Hong Kong and central governments, and from there endanger national security.’”

Subsequently, the authorities launched a raid on a warehouse where an activist group was storing materials, including M&Ms, for distribution to prisoners. Three people were charged with inciting “subversion.”Reported Nikkei Asia: “Steve Li, senior superintendent of the police national security bureau, told reporters the trio aimed at fomenting ‘war’ or ‘revolution’ against the governments of Hong Kong and China.” It turns out that Hong Kong’s petty despots are loons as well as thugs.

Hong Kong’s birth reflected the tumultuous collapse of Imperial China. The territory was seized by the United Kingdom in the so-called Opium Wars, with most of the land denominated a “lease.” Its expiration led to negotiations that culminated in the 1997 return of Hong Kong to what was then the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Beijing promised to preserve Hong Kong’s autonomy for 50 years, but there was no enforcement mechanism.

For nearly two decades, China appeared to keep its bargain, delegating supervision to local authorities chosen through an electoral process that nevertheless guaranteed Beijing’s control. However, a decade ago a new general secretary took over the Chinese Communist Party. He eventually focused his determination to strengthen party and personal control on Hong Kong.Democracy advocates demandedwhat the CCP could never give, democracy, and created what the CCP could never accept, chaos. The PRC won the inevitable confrontation.

Instead of a reprise of the bloody crackdown in Tiananmen Square (and beyond), Xi and his minions adopted a form of ruthless minimalism, the National Security Law (NSL). Beijing’s factotum, Chief Executive Carrie Lam,even promised that“the law will not affect Hong Kong’s renowned judicial independence. It will not affect legitimate rights and freedoms of individuals that are protected under the Basic Law and the relevant provisions of international covenants as applied to Hong Kong.”

Experience soon demonstrated otherwise.The genius of the measure was its ambiguity.Stanley Ng,a CCP minion serving in China’s rubberstamp National People’s Congress, admitted that Beijing left the measure indeterminate to enhance the “real effects of intimidation and deterrence.” The NSL prohibited collusion, separatism, subversion, and terrorism, all broadly defined. Thus, criticizing the government can be held “to endanger national security” in multiple ways.

And conviction is guaranteed. The Beijing authorities set the law’s interpretation, sent security personnel to Hong Kong to enforce the law, and provided special judges to hear national security cases. The measure even applies to activities overseas and to foreigners. Having criticized the PRC in Washington,President Joe Biden could be arrestedif he visits China or Hong Kong.

The NSL came into effect on June 30, 2020, and began transformingvirtually every aspectof Hong Kong society. Receiving particularly malign attention by the authorities were educational institutions, from elementary school to university; the media, from government-funded operations to private newspapers; protests, mostly banned in the name bating COVID-19; free expression, including speech, print, munications, banners, and art; and political opposition, with critics of the Hong Kong and Beijing authorities barred from office. The city even set up a hotline for snitches to report their neighbors.

As of June 2021, roughly 130 people had beenarrested under the law. The first conviction occurred in July. The defendant waved a “Liberate Hong Kong, Revolution of Our Times” banner and ran into police on his motorcycle; on the first count he received a sentence of six and a half years. The court ruled that “liberate” meant secession, which violated the law.Warned Professor Surya Devaof City University of Hong Kong: “Anything could be argued by the government as being capable of having that meaning of inciting secession.” And this case is just the start.TheNew York Timesobserved that it is“in some ways, a preview of how the courts may consider a slew of national security cases centering on peaceful protest and free expression that are set to follow.”

The second conviction was reached in October, with sentencing e. It was a pure free speech case in which the “crime” was shouting pro-independence slogans.Stated the judge: “The defendant has constantly and unreservedly incited things that are forbidden under the national security law.”The regime is attempting “to stamp out certain forms of speech,” argued Kellogg, by bringing “serious charges against people who say things that the government doesn’t like.”

The authorities continue to extend the law’s reach.At the end of October, the Legislative Council, from which all democratic activists have been excluded, voted to censor films.Reported Reuters: “The Hong Kong government said the film censorship law was aimed at content deemed to ‘endorse, support, glorify, encourage and incite activities that might endanger national security,’” which means anything failing to exhibit sufficient obeisance to Beijing.

In September, members of the Hong Kong Alliancein Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements inChina,which organized an annual Tiananmen Square vigil, were charged under the NSL. The group subsequently disbanded. Its Tiananmen Massacre Museum was raided—with exhibits confiscated and website access limited. Hong Kong University removed the “Pillar of Shame” sculpture, on permanent loan from the Alliance.

Amnesty International announced it was closing its local and regional offices by the end of the year; Human Rights Watch had already left. TheHong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions votedto disband.The Hong Kong Professional Teachers Union also said it planned to dissolve.Reported TheNew York Times: “Activist groups have also been decimated. The Civil Human Rights Front, which had organized large marches, closed in August after Beijing’s office in Hong Kong accused it of opposing China and the police opened an investigation into its funding.”

Brian Wong of the independent research group Liber Research Community said it was not interested in politics, “but from what we can see on the mainland, eventually all of civil society can be seen as a threat.”TheHong Kong Journalists Association continues to resist. However,associationchairman Ronson Chantold theTimes:“Honestly, it’s a gamble. How cruelly will the Beijing government treat us? We know the history of journalists in the People’s Republic of China.”

According tothe Hong Kong Free Press, the public broadcaster RTHK has gone all in with the munist order after hiring “a new Director of Broadcasting with noprevious media experience at the helm in March. Since then, RTHK has also scrubbed its online archives, purged and restricted its Twitter account, launched a chat show hosted by Chief Executive Carrie Lam, and issued directives to staff to use Beijing-approved wording.”

A “patriots only” government was created by ousting any legislator even at the district level not under Beijing’s control, after elections two years ago delivered an overwhelming anti-PRC majority. By August,reported The New York Times: “More than half of the council members from the pro-democracy camp, over 250 of them, have quit in recent weeks to avoid being ensnared in Beijing’s campaign. Those who remain are worried about being arrested.”Having rendered the ing contests meaningless, the Hong Kong authorities thenthreatened the opposition parties for not fielding candidates.

In sum, the National Security Law fulfilled its purpose to intimidate, thereby making possible the sort of full-scale oppression characteristic of the mainland. Xi Jinping and the CCP have destroyed Hong Kong as an intellectually free society.

Alas, they are not yet finished.In October, Lam announced plans for a new “megacourt” to handle thousands of cases for such offenses as unlawful assembly and flag desecration dating back two years.According to theGuardian: “She also outlined plans to continue tightening security in Hong Kong … bringing in a ‘fake news’ law, increasing national security education in schools, introducing programmes to help young people ‘develop positive thinking and law‑abiding awareness,’ and expanding mandatory oath-taking for public servants.”

What Lam has been unable to control, however, is the ongoing human exodus.In 2020, Hong Kong’spopulation dropped by 1.2 percent, the largest reduction since the 1960s, when records were first kept. Many people are determined to raise children without indoctrination, or “patriotic education,” as the CCP calls it.Immigration consultant John Hu saidthe NSL’s passage boosted demand for his services, particularly from families with kids:“They prefer their children to have more freedom of speech and to have more balanced education.” Hong Kong schools have lost students and consolidated classes as a result.

The light of freedom is going out in Hong Kong. However, history has not ended. Americans and others of goodwill can do little today to influence Beijing, but they can offer the people of Hong Kong refuge and promote the continued free flow of information. And, ultimately, hope for China’s rebirth.

Comments
Welcome to mreligion comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
Why Liberals Should Support the Hobby Lobby Decision
When the Supreme Court ruled on the Hobby Lobby case, the near universal reaction by liberals was that it was a travesty of epic proportion. But as self-professed liberal law professor Brett McDonnell argues, the left should embrace the Hobby Lobby decision since it supports liberal values: The first question was: Can for-profit corporations invoke religious liberty rights under RFRA? The court answered yes. HBO’s John Oliver nicely expressed the automatic liberal riposte, parodying the idea that corporations are people....
Workplace Surveillance: Legal and Moral Concerns
As surveillance technology continues to cost less, we live in a world in which our activities are being increasingly monitored. And it’s not just the NSA doing it–even employers are utilizing surveillance technology in the workplace. The basis for this surveillance has been to catch employees abusing work time (e.g. scrolling through Facebook posts), to protect against sexual harassment and discrimination lawsuits, and to discover if pany secrets are being leaked. It also helps deter workers from breaking the rules...
First Amendment Is For Conservatives, Too
The First Amendment (“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances”) is for all Americans. I know that seems obvious, but the folks at Salon seem to need a reminder. Jenny Kutner has taken offense to a group of Catholic women expressing their...
In Memoriam: John Blundell (1952-2014)
The Acton Institute lost a dear friend this week. Historian John Blundell passed away on Tuesday. According to the Atlas Network (where Blundell had served as past president and board member), he will be remembered for his writing. [Blundell] followed his own Margaret Thatcher: A Portrait of the Iron Lady(2008) with an edited collection, Remembering Margaret Thatcher: Commemorations, Tributes and Assessments(2013). He wrote Ladies For Liberty: Women Who Made a Difference in American History(2nd expanded edition 2013) to also showcase...
Our Foster Care System Is Becoming A ‘Pipeline’ For Human Trafficking
At any given time in the U.S., there are about half a million children in foster care. Many of these children are in crisis situations, and will be in foster care for only a short time, returning home or to live with a family member when the crisis has been resolved. Other children, however, remain in the system. The lucky ones will remain in one home, loved and nurtured, possibly even adopted (although for most that can take up to...
What You Should Know About Paul Ryan’s Anti-Poverty Plan
Social mobility is a “key tenet of the American Dream” yet relative upward mobility has been stagnant, says Rep. Paul Ryan in his new 73-page proposal for reforming federal anti-poverty programs. Ryan acknowledges that there are many individual and social factors that affect upward mobility (e.g., family structure) but adds that “public policy is still a factor, and government has a role to play in providing a safety net and expanding opportunity for all.” Expanding Opportunity in Americaincludes mendations for...
The Economics of Liberation Theology
None of the prominent liberation theologians influential in Latin America had significant training in or exposure to the discipline of economics, says Carroll Ríos de Rodríguez in this week’s Acton Commentary. This was odd given that their concern for the material well-being demanded at least some attempt to provide an economic explanation of underdevelopment and mass poverty. Instead of engaging in such economic reflection, many liberation theologians effectively married their theology to various renderings of what was then the fashionable...
In Welfare Systems, Two Plus Two May No Longer Equal Four
“You are a slow learner, Winston.” “How can I help it? How can I help but see what is in front of my eyes? Two and two are four.” “Sometimes, Winston. Sometimes they are five. Sometimes they are three. Sometimes they are all of them at once. You must try harder. It is not easy to e sane.” – George Orwell, 1984 In a calculation that surely qualifies as “new math,” the government has created an equation in which $29,000...
‘Unbreakable Men:’ Wounded Soldiers Take On A New Enemy
It takes a special person to serve in the military. It takes a special person e to terms with and e profound injuries caused in the line of duty. It takes a special person to track down child pornographers. It takes unbreakable men. Aptly dubbed “HERO,” the Human Exploitation Rescue Operative is being developed by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Homeland Security Investigations and U.S. Special Operations Command in conjunction with the National Association to Protect Children.The idea grew out...
Heritage Foundation Releases Index of Culture and Opportunity
The Heritage Foundation has released their 2014 Index of Culture and Opportunity, the first annual report that tells how social and economic factors relate to the success of individuals, families, opportunity, and freedom. Through charts that track changes, mentary that explains the trends, the Index shows the current state of some key features of American society and tells whether specific indicators are improving or getting off track. Here are a few highlights from the report: On Culture From 2001 to...
Related Classification
Copyright 2023-2026 - www.mreligion.com All Rights Reserved