Home
/
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
/
How Hong Kong moved from two systems to one tyranny
How Hong Kong moved from two systems to one tyranny
Jan 6, 2026 8:20 PM

Since the National Security Law was imposed Beijing in 2020, basic human and civil rights in Hong Kong have been increasingly crushed, with no end in sight and emigration the only short-term solution.

Read More…

Hong Kong has e the face of China’s dictatorship, the most dramatic evidence of Xi Jinping’s determination to extinguish even the hint of dissent among his people. Today residents of the Special Administrative Region are ruled pletely and cruelly by the Chinese Communist Party as are those living in Beijing or Shanghai.

Yet paranoia afflicts regime apparatchiks, who recently targetedchocolateas a threat to public order. In a story befitting The Onion,The New York Timesreported: “The city’s top security official, Chris Tang, said last week that some people in Hong Kong prisons were accumulating chocolates and hair clips—items allowed in limited numbers—to ‘build power’ and ‘solicit followers,’ with the possible goal of undermining the government. ‘Many people may find it strange—they just have a few more hair clips, one more piece of chocolate, what’s the problem?’ he told reporters. Then he continued, ‘They make other people in jail feel their influence, and from there feel even more hate for the Hong Kong and central governments, and from there endanger national security.’”

Subsequently, the authorities launched a raid on a warehouse where an activist group was storing materials, including M&Ms, for distribution to prisoners. Three people were charged with inciting “subversion.”Reported Nikkei Asia: “Steve Li, senior superintendent of the police national security bureau, told reporters the trio aimed at fomenting ‘war’ or ‘revolution’ against the governments of Hong Kong and China.” It turns out that Hong Kong’s petty despots are loons as well as thugs.

Hong Kong’s birth reflected the tumultuous collapse of Imperial China. The territory was seized by the United Kingdom in the so-called Opium Wars, with most of the land denominated a “lease.” Its expiration led to negotiations that culminated in the 1997 return of Hong Kong to what was then the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Beijing promised to preserve Hong Kong’s autonomy for 50 years, but there was no enforcement mechanism.

For nearly two decades, China appeared to keep its bargain, delegating supervision to local authorities chosen through an electoral process that nevertheless guaranteed Beijing’s control. However, a decade ago a new general secretary took over the Chinese Communist Party. He eventually focused his determination to strengthen party and personal control on Hong Kong.Democracy advocates demandedwhat the CCP could never give, democracy, and created what the CCP could never accept, chaos. The PRC won the inevitable confrontation.

Instead of a reprise of the bloody crackdown in Tiananmen Square (and beyond), Xi and his minions adopted a form of ruthless minimalism, the National Security Law (NSL). Beijing’s factotum, Chief Executive Carrie Lam,even promised that“the law will not affect Hong Kong’s renowned judicial independence. It will not affect legitimate rights and freedoms of individuals that are protected under the Basic Law and the relevant provisions of international covenants as applied to Hong Kong.”

Experience soon demonstrated otherwise.The genius of the measure was its ambiguity.Stanley Ng,a CCP minion serving in China’s rubberstamp National People’s Congress, admitted that Beijing left the measure indeterminate to enhance the “real effects of intimidation and deterrence.” The NSL prohibited collusion, separatism, subversion, and terrorism, all broadly defined. Thus, criticizing the government can be held “to endanger national security” in multiple ways.

And conviction is guaranteed. The Beijing authorities set the law’s interpretation, sent security personnel to Hong Kong to enforce the law, and provided special judges to hear national security cases. The measure even applies to activities overseas and to foreigners. Having criticized the PRC in Washington,President Joe Biden could be arrestedif he visits China or Hong Kong.

The NSL came into effect on June 30, 2020, and began transformingvirtually every aspectof Hong Kong society. Receiving particularly malign attention by the authorities were educational institutions, from elementary school to university; the media, from government-funded operations to private newspapers; protests, mostly banned in the name bating COVID-19; free expression, including speech, print, munications, banners, and art; and political opposition, with critics of the Hong Kong and Beijing authorities barred from office. The city even set up a hotline for snitches to report their neighbors.

As of June 2021, roughly 130 people had beenarrested under the law. The first conviction occurred in July. The defendant waved a “Liberate Hong Kong, Revolution of Our Times” banner and ran into police on his motorcycle; on the first count he received a sentence of six and a half years. The court ruled that “liberate” meant secession, which violated the law.Warned Professor Surya Devaof City University of Hong Kong: “Anything could be argued by the government as being capable of having that meaning of inciting secession.” And this case is just the start.TheNew York Timesobserved that it is“in some ways, a preview of how the courts may consider a slew of national security cases centering on peaceful protest and free expression that are set to follow.”

The second conviction was reached in October, with sentencing e. It was a pure free speech case in which the “crime” was shouting pro-independence slogans.Stated the judge: “The defendant has constantly and unreservedly incited things that are forbidden under the national security law.”The regime is attempting “to stamp out certain forms of speech,” argued Kellogg, by bringing “serious charges against people who say things that the government doesn’t like.”

The authorities continue to extend the law’s reach.At the end of October, the Legislative Council, from which all democratic activists have been excluded, voted to censor films.Reported Reuters: “The Hong Kong government said the film censorship law was aimed at content deemed to ‘endorse, support, glorify, encourage and incite activities that might endanger national security,’” which means anything failing to exhibit sufficient obeisance to Beijing.

In September, members of the Hong Kong Alliancein Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements inChina,which organized an annual Tiananmen Square vigil, were charged under the NSL. The group subsequently disbanded. Its Tiananmen Massacre Museum was raided—with exhibits confiscated and website access limited. Hong Kong University removed the “Pillar of Shame” sculpture, on permanent loan from the Alliance.

Amnesty International announced it was closing its local and regional offices by the end of the year; Human Rights Watch had already left. TheHong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions votedto disband.The Hong Kong Professional Teachers Union also said it planned to dissolve.Reported TheNew York Times: “Activist groups have also been decimated. The Civil Human Rights Front, which had organized large marches, closed in August after Beijing’s office in Hong Kong accused it of opposing China and the police opened an investigation into its funding.”

Brian Wong of the independent research group Liber Research Community said it was not interested in politics, “but from what we can see on the mainland, eventually all of civil society can be seen as a threat.”TheHong Kong Journalists Association continues to resist. However,associationchairman Ronson Chantold theTimes:“Honestly, it’s a gamble. How cruelly will the Beijing government treat us? We know the history of journalists in the People’s Republic of China.”

According tothe Hong Kong Free Press, the public broadcaster RTHK has gone all in with the munist order after hiring “a new Director of Broadcasting with noprevious media experience at the helm in March. Since then, RTHK has also scrubbed its online archives, purged and restricted its Twitter account, launched a chat show hosted by Chief Executive Carrie Lam, and issued directives to staff to use Beijing-approved wording.”

A “patriots only” government was created by ousting any legislator even at the district level not under Beijing’s control, after elections two years ago delivered an overwhelming anti-PRC majority. By August,reported The New York Times: “More than half of the council members from the pro-democracy camp, over 250 of them, have quit in recent weeks to avoid being ensnared in Beijing’s campaign. Those who remain are worried about being arrested.”Having rendered the ing contests meaningless, the Hong Kong authorities thenthreatened the opposition parties for not fielding candidates.

In sum, the National Security Law fulfilled its purpose to intimidate, thereby making possible the sort of full-scale oppression characteristic of the mainland. Xi Jinping and the CCP have destroyed Hong Kong as an intellectually free society.

Alas, they are not yet finished.In October, Lam announced plans for a new “megacourt” to handle thousands of cases for such offenses as unlawful assembly and flag desecration dating back two years.According to theGuardian: “She also outlined plans to continue tightening security in Hong Kong … bringing in a ‘fake news’ law, increasing national security education in schools, introducing programmes to help young people ‘develop positive thinking and law‑abiding awareness,’ and expanding mandatory oath-taking for public servants.”

What Lam has been unable to control, however, is the ongoing human exodus.In 2020, Hong Kong’spopulation dropped by 1.2 percent, the largest reduction since the 1960s, when records were first kept. Many people are determined to raise children without indoctrination, or “patriotic education,” as the CCP calls it.Immigration consultant John Hu saidthe NSL’s passage boosted demand for his services, particularly from families with kids:“They prefer their children to have more freedom of speech and to have more balanced education.” Hong Kong schools have lost students and consolidated classes as a result.

The light of freedom is going out in Hong Kong. However, history has not ended. Americans and others of goodwill can do little today to influence Beijing, but they can offer the people of Hong Kong refuge and promote the continued free flow of information. And, ultimately, hope for China’s rebirth.

Comments
Welcome to mreligion comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
Can you spare 12 minutes to learn the pillars of a free society?
Communicating the underlying pillars of a free and virtuous society is sometimes like describing the Kingdom of God: We can envision it, but detailing its operations to non-believers can be difficult. (This is largely for the same reason – both are so rarely observed upon earth.) Thankfully, the London-based Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) has finished releasing a series of brief videos that describe the six pillars of a free society. Dr. Steve Davies, Head of Education at IEA, details...
Christian principles built – and should sustain – these transatlantic companies
As Easter approaches, who could imagine the holiday without Cadbury’s creme eggs (under the original recipe, at least)? Appropriately,the founding of Cadbury’s, whose invention has e a holiday staple on both sides of the Atlantic, grew directly out of its founder’s Christian faith. Its success, and that of many other firms establishedby Quakers, demonstrates that the conversation between economics and religion must be a munication, according to a new article posted by Rev. Dr. Richard Turnbull,the director of theCentre for...
Video: Micah Watson on C.S. Lewis and democracy
On February 9th, the Acton Institute ed Micah Watson to the Mark Murray Auditorium to speak on the topic of “C.S. Lewis vs. Democracy” as part of the 2017 Acton Lecture Series. Watson, an associate professor of political science and the William Spoelhof Teacher-Scholar Chair at Calvin College, guides us through an examination of the political thought of the brilliant and celebrated author known primarily for his works offiction and Christian apologetics. Lewis was skeptical of the ability of democratic...
The “war on poverty” can’t fix the dignity deficit
To kick off his 1964 “war on poverty” initiative, President Lyndon B. Johnson held a photo op at the home of a man named Tom Fletcher, an unemployed 38-year-old father of eight. While Fletcher benefited from Johnson’s welfare programs, he never managed to climb out of poverty. Fletchereven remarried and had two more children—one of which his new wife murdered to collect the burial benefits. As AEI president Arthur Brooks notes, “In 2004, with his wife still in prison, Fletcher...
Education as liberation: 4 priorities for reform
With the recent appointment and confirmation of Betsy DeVos as Secretary of Education, the movement for educational choice has plenty of reasons for optimism. Throughout the nomination process, opponents of DeVos ridiculed the school-choice movement for caring little about quality, equality, and opportunity, ignoring that these are the precise drivers of advocates for school choice. Given the abounding confusion and misrepresentation, I was reminded of a wonderful talk given by Professor Howard Fuller at the American Enterprise Institute, in which...
Unemployment as economic-spiritual indicator — February 2017 report
Embed from Getty Images Series Note: Jobs are one of the most important aspects of a morally functioning economy. They help us serve the needs of our neighbors and lead to human flourishing both for the individual and munities. Conversely, not having a job can adversely affect spiritual and psychological well-being of individuals and families. Because unemployment is a spiritual problem, Christians in America need to understand and be aware of the monthly data on employment. Each month highlight the...
The unique way economic revival in ‘flyover country’ may affect the Dutch elections
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte speaks as Geert Wilders looks on. (Richard van Elferen. CC BY 2.0.) As a wave of populism sweeps from Donald Trump’s Oval Office to the Brexit-ravaged headquarters of the European Union in Brussels, observers look to next week’s Dutch elections. Current polls show Geert Wilders and his Party for Freedom (PVV) slipping a few seats behind Prime Minister Mark Rutte’s People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy’s (VVD) – but, like Donald Trump, Wilders could outperform...
What are the unintended consequences of American protectionism?
Protectionism is often associated with patriotic zeal and concern for America. While citizens should certainly have concern for their nation, protectionist measures do not necessarily secure the economic results desired. Acton’s director of research, Samuel Gregg, writes about the unintended effects of protectionism in a recent article for The Stream. These policies often hurt the very people they’re meant to help. Gregg, while admitting protectionism may be well-intended, indicates the superiority of free trade in bringing about human flourishing. Samuel...
Video: Anne Rathbone Bradley on why Christians must support economic freedom
The 2017 Acton Lecture Series continued on March 3rd with an address by Anne Rathbone Bradley,Vice President of Economic Initiatives at the Institute for Faith, Work & Economics. Bradley explained that economic freedom is a necessary condition for each of us to contribute to and partake in human flourishing; Christians need to understand this fact and support economicfreedom in order to allow everyone to be able to use their God-given gifts to participate in the redemptionof His creation, and to...
Samuel Gregg on the silence of the church in a declining Europe
In a recent article for The Catholic World Report, Acton’s research director, Samuel Gregg discusses the European Union. He criticizes it for its aggressive secularism and separating itself from its Christian roots; Gregg also addresses the weakness of the Catholic Church in addressing social issues. Gregg is not wholly optimistic about the future of Europe, but nonetheless, calls for European leaders to return to their Christian foundations as the only viable solution in managing their decline. In criticizing the EU,...
Related Classification
Copyright 2023-2026 - www.mreligion.com All Rights Reserved