Home
/
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
/
5 Facts about international human rights
5 Facts about international human rights
Jan 28, 2026 3:42 PM

Today is the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a milestone document in the history of human rights. In honor of the observance, here are five facts you should know about international human rights:

1. Prior to the 1940s there were a number of documents, such as the the British Magna Carta and the U.S. Bill of Rights, that advanced the recognition of human rights. But few documents were recognized internationally as applying to all people at all times in all nations. During World War II the push for universal recognition of inalienable human rights was aided by the Atlantic Charter and by President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech before the United States Congress in 1941. These ideals were also transmitted in a pamphlet called, “The United Nations fight for the Four Freedoms: The Rights of All Men — Everywhere.”

2. The atrocities of the Nazis caused the munity to recognize a need for human rights to be established as an international legal status. More than 1,300 American non-governmental organizations joined together in placing newspaper ads calling for human rights to be an integral part of any future international organization, and called for the United Nations Charter to include a clear and mitment to human rights. On April 25, 1945, representatives from forty-six nations gathered in San Francisco to form the United Nations. They responded to the demand by mentioning human rights five times in the UN Charter. The charter also established mission “for the promotion of human rights.” This newly created “Commission on Human Rights” spent three years drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

3. The Commission on Human Rights was made up of 18 members from various political, cultural and religious backgrounds. Eleanor Roosevelt, the widow of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, served as the chairperson of the UDHR mittee. As the UN notes, “Their work involved thousands of hours of intensive study, heated debate, and delicate negotiation that centered on innumerable mendations from many sources, public and private. The men and women of the Commission on Human Rights strove to forge a declaration that might successfully pass the hopes, beliefs and aspirations of people throughout the world.” After pleted its work, the document was submitted to the General Assembly’s Third Committee, which held a total of 81 meetings and considered 168 formal resolution on the declaration. Forty-eight nations voted for the Declaration, eight countries abstained (the Soviet bloc countries, South Africa and Saudi Arabia) and two countries were absent.

4. According to the UN, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has inspired more than 80 international human rights treaties and declarations, numerous regional human rights conventions, domestic human rights bills, and constitutional provisions, which together constitute prehensive legally binding system for the promotion and protection of human rights.

5. Based on the text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all humans have the following rights:

To life.

To liberty.

To security of person.

To be free from slavery.

To be free from involuntary servitude.

To be free from torture.

To be free from cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.

To recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

To equal protection of the law.

To an effective remedy by petent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

To not be subject to arbitrary arrest, detention, or exile.

To a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal.

To be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which one has had all the guarantees necessary for one’s defense.

To be free from arbitrary interference with one’s privacy, family, home, or correspondence.

To be free from attacks upon one’s honor and reputation.

To the protection of the law against such interference or attacks upon’s one’s privacy, honor, or reputation.

To freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.

To leave any country, including one’s own.

To return to one’s country.

To seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

To a nationality.

To change one’s nationality.

To marry.

To found a family.

To free and full consent in choosing one’s spouse.

To own property alone as well as in association with others.

To be free from being arbitrarily deprived of one’s property.

To freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.

To change one’s religion or belief.

To manifest, either alone or munity with others and in public or private, one’s religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.

To freedom of opinion and expression.

To seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media.

To freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

To be free pulsion to belong to an association.

To take part in the government of one’s country.

To equal access of public services in one’s country.

To a secure society.

To work.

To free choice of employment.

To just and favorable conditions of work.

To protection against unemployment.

To equal pay for equal work.

To just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and one’s family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

To form and to join trade unions for the protection of one’s interests.

To rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

To a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of one’s family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care, and necessary social services.

To security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond one’s control.

To free elementary education.

To equal access of higher education based on merit.

To choose the kind of education that shall be given to one’s children.

To participate in the cultural life of munity.

To enjoy the arts.

To share in scientific advancement and its benefits.

To the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary, or artistic production of which he is the author.

To a social and international order in which human rights and freedoms can be fully realized.

Comments
Welcome to mreligion comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
RELIGION & LIBERTY ONLINE
The failure of ‘Homo Economist’
When Pope Francis denounced “libertarian individualism” last year, few people could find a flesh-and-blood example of the philosophy as articulated by the pontiff. However, the gimlet eye of Stream editor John Zmirak may have found a related species in a creature he identifies as Homo Economist – a theoretical person who contrasts pletely with the human person as viewed by advocates of constitutional government, ordered liberty, faith, and adherence to the precepts of natural law. In the pope’s accounting, libertarianism...
A Jewish perspective on market, justice, and charity
“Not a day goes by when there’s not some concern raised about the state of the economy and how people are faring,” says Curt Biren in this week’s Acton Commentary. “While recent economic growth has been promising, wage growth is lackluster, many say.” The middle class is shrinking. There’s too much e inequality, and the list goes on. These concerns are pelling. Who wouldn’t like to see more opportunity and more growth? People yearn for the good life, to experience...
Can you (or anyone) beat the stock market?
Note: This is post #94 in a weekly video series on basic economics. When even professional stock pickers are not able to consistently beat the market, you probably shouldn’t invest your life savings on the the hot stock tip from your brother-in-law. Why is it, though, that no one seems to be able to outperform the crowd? The reason, as economist Tyler Cowen explains, is information. In this video by Marginal Revolution University, Cowen explains the efficient market hypothesis, the...
Freer markets, freer press: Study explores the connections between economic liberty and press freedom
At a time when so-called “democratic socialism” is rising in prominence, we are accustomed to hearing about the patibility of socialism and political freedom. Not only is the dismantling of economic patiblewith democracy—we are told—but it is essential to its survival. “Moving towards socialism involves subordinating the economic power of capitalists to the social power of the people,” write Mathieu Desan and Michael McCarthy in a recent essay for Jacobin. “…Only when the private decisions that have massive public implications...
C.S. Lewis on ethics and conscience
The lighthouse of Christianity shines because it is based on the reality of an objective and universal Moral Code that we mysteriously know and have broken, said C.S. Lewis. It is this truth which makes Christianity’s offer of forgiveness, and its gift of supernatural help towards keeping that Moral Code, so incredible. In this video, Lewis shows that conscience is not an invention of civilization or of great human teachers but is as old as Adam and Eve, and has...
Radio Free Acton: Inside the studio of a violin maker; Upstream on the film ‘Andrei Rublev’
On this episode of Radio Free Acton, award winning news anchor Anne Marie Schieber visits the studio of Matthew Noykos, a violin maker in Grand Rapids, MI, to learn more about his craft and discuss how he finds purpose and fulfillment in his everyday work. Then, on the Upstream segment, Bruce Edward Walker speaks with Robert Bird, author of two books on Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky, about Tarkovsky’s film “Andrei Rublev,” which was recently re-issued by The Criterion Collection. Check...
Philadelphia ends ‘policing for profit’ program
The News: The city of Philadelphia ended a four-year lawsuit involving what critics said was “policing for profit.” According to the Philadelphia Inquirer, “Philadelphia officials on Tuesday pledged to reform the city’s civil forfeiture program, which had been used to seize thousands of homes and vehicles and millions of dollars in cash from criminal suspects — and in some cases from people never charged with a crime.” The Background:Civil asset forfeiture is a controversial legal tool that allows law enforcement...
5 Facts about Jewish High Holy Days
The Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah ended last week, and the holy day of Yom Kippur ends tonight at sundown (see also: FAQ: What is Yom Kippur?). Here are five facts you should know about the High Holy Days on the Jewish calendar: 1. In Judaism, the High Holy Days (sometimes referred to as “high holidays”) may refer to (1) the ten days starting with Rosh Hashanah and ending with Yom Kippur, known as the Days of Repentance or theYamim...
Why we must protect the religious liberty of social institutions
Note:This article is part of the ‘Principles Project,’ a list of principles, axioms, and beliefs that undergirda Christian view of economics, liberty, and virtue. Clickhereto read the introduction and other posts in this series. The Principle: #4F — Social institutions have religious liberty that must be protected. The Definitions: Religious liberty — The freedom to believe and exercise or act upon religious conscience without unnecessary interference by the government. (Source) Social institutions —Groups of persons banded together mon purposes having...
Five ways the West gets African development all wrong: Ibrahim Anoba
World leaders have converged on Africa in recent days, but their development plans may do more harm than good. And increasing foreign aid may be their worst proposal yet, writes Ibrahim B. Anoba in a new essay for Acton’s Religion & Liberty Transatlantic website. “Limiting the power of the government and its cronies, and tempering bureaucratic overreach with a firm respect for individual rights, are prerequisites for economic progress,” writes Anoba, acting executive director of theAfrican Liberty Organization for Development....
Related Classification
Copyright 2023-2026 - www.mreligion.com All Rights Reserved